Common Reed (Phragmites australis)
Key Identification Features
Description
Invasive Phragmites australis is one of two subspecies in the U.S. The other subspecies is native. Invasive Phragmites is problematic across New York State because of its ability to form dense monocultures in moist soils. Growing up to 15 feet tall and forming thick mats of root and rhizome structures underground, invasive Phragmites creates a difficult environment for other riparian plants to thrive. The hollow stems of this perennial grass are green with yellow nodes in the warmer months and begin to turn yellow when they dry out for the cold season. The sheath-like leaves are alternately arranged all on one side of the stem and appear blueish green to yellowish green. The seeds appear grey and fluffy because of the silky hairs attached.
Native Range
This invasive reed grass originated in Europe and found its way to the U.S. by the early 19th century, likely trapped in ship ballasts. Phragmites is an abundant wetland plant in its native ranges and provides habitat for the animals there. Since it is so abundant, it also has important soil retention properties.
Habitat and Dispersion
Invasive Phragmites establishes in wetland habitats. This includes shores of lakes and ponds, brackish and freshwater marshes, and disturbed roadside ditches. The plant prefers full exposure to sunlight.
Best Management Practices
It is suggested to utilize preventative measures before invasions take place. This includes planting or supporting native vegetation that has a chance of limiting the spread of Phragmites. For pre-existing infestations, management plans should be specific to each individual site. This is due to the way this invasive establishes deep into the soil, holding it all in place. Ripping it all up could cause erosion. Multiple years of chemical treatment on younger infestations have been effective.