Common Buckthorn (Rhamnus cathartica)

Key Identification Features

Description

Common buckthorn is a perennial shrub, or small tree with short thorns at the tips of it’s branches. Thorns may also be found in the crevice between two forking branches. Common buckthorn leaves range from dull green to dark green with lighter undersides. Common buckthorn leaves are oval and have serrated margins that help to distinguish it form other buckthorn species. The leaves can be arranged opposite or alternately along the stem (even on the same stem).

The flowers of common buckthorn grow in clusters and are small, yellowish-green, with four petals. The fruits are small and dark in color with 4 hard seeds per fruit.

Native Range

Common buckthorn is native to most of Europe and Western Asia. It was introduced to the U.S. in the 1800’s as an ornamental plant before becoming widely distributed in the 1900’s.

Habitat and Dispersion

Common buckthorn is a fast growing invasive plant that is found withing forests, edge habitats, open fields, and roadsides. It can tolerate lightly shaded areas and a wide range of soil types; from well-drained to clay. The seeds are viable up to fiver years in soil and are typically spread via birds or other animals that consume them. If cut the stumps are able to produce additional sprouts, so care must be taken with their management.

Best Management Practices

Common buckthorn can be managed through repeat mowing, excavating, cutting, or burning. There are also specific chemical treatments available for buckthorn, usually glyphosate or triclopyr-based. These are typically applied to cut stumps to prevent sprouting.

Additional Resources

NY Invasive Species Info